Synthesis and Functionalization of Carbon and Sulfur-based Nanomaterials: Physical Properties and Molecular Recognition

Abstract

In recent years carbon-based nanomaterials are growing rapidly in the field of science and technology, due to the tunable optical and physical properties such as electronic arrangement, photostability, flexibility and excellent biocompatibility. Considering, the emerging materials of carbon family such as graphene, graphene oxide (GO) and it derivative, carbon nanotube, fullerene, covalent organic framework (COF) carbon nitride (g-C3N4) and carbon dots (C-Dots) has been highlighted. Based on their structure and morphology, the carbon-based materials have received immense interest in the fields of catalysis, electronic, photonic devices, sensors, molecular recognition and biomedical applications. At the same time, it is also reported that the tunable size and shape of the materials (extended -conjugation, state of oxidation etc.) has shown significant attention in antibacterial activity, relative molar extinction coefficient and cellular internalization, molecular recognition etc. Hence this chapter has shortly provided the literature background of preparation and applications of carbon-based materials. Further information regarding synthesis of different type of carbon and sulfur-based luminescent materials and their functionalization are reported in the literature. Finally, a stack of literature reports towards the materials and biological applications such as biomolecular recognition, cellular imaging, sensing and stimuli responsive systems.