Biological systems exhibit considerable heterogeneity in their constitutive components and encounter stochasticity across all scales of analysis. Therefore, central questions that span all biological systems are: (a) How ...

In bacteria, cyclic-di-nucleotide based second messengers regulate various physiological processes including the stress response. For the past decades, cyclic diadenosine monophosphate (c-di-AMP) has emerged as a crucial ...

Deviation from normal healthy conditions, termed as disease, can often be triggered due to the malfunctioning of proteins. Modulating the functions of proteins by administering therapeutic agents (drugs) may alleviate the ...

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV-1) is the aetiologic agent of AIDS. Presently there are ~38 million HIV-1 infected individuals worldwide and ~1 million deaths in 2019. Since its discovery, the quest for vaccine candidate ...

The peptide backbone holds a protein together and plays a crucial role in guiding its three-dimentional structure. The tertiary structure of proteins regulates several biological processes. Therefore, peptide bond modification ...

The viral NS3 helicase is a crucial enzyme involved in the RNA replication of positive strand ssRNA viruses of the Flaviviridae family. The NS3 is an active motor that binds RNA and couples ATP hydrolysis to the mechanical ...

Bacteria adopt several defense strategies to enable their survival against the environmental threats they encounter from time to time. Toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems are being understood as a key bacterial defense mechanism ...

When eukaryotic or unstable proteins are overexpressed in bacteria, these often form insoluble aggregates called inclusion bodies (IB). Refolding the proteins from inclusion bodies can be challenging, resulting in low ...

Cellular homeostasis in bacteria is maintained by diverse molecular machines. These include several one-component systems (OCS), two- component systems (TCS), chaperone proteins, proteases, proteolytic complexes and ...

The functional significance of the computations performed by Stellate cells of the Medial Entorhinal Cortex, proven time and again, makes them insightful, yet intriguing. The gradients of the intrinsic properties of these ...