Aging is defined in an evolutionary biological context as a steady state decline in the specific fitness components of an organism due to internal physiological deterioration. The most profound and important contribution ...

Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is a multifunctional cytokine that regulates a plethora of functions including cell growth, development, and differentiation. TGF-β plays a major role in the inhibition of normal cell ...

Muscle development and function are highly synchronized processes that involve simultaneous action of several transcription factors, signalling cascades, kinases and phosphatases, ion channels, structural proteins and ...

Signal transduction is a mode of cellular communication essential for an organism’s sustenance and survival. Cell communication in higher organisms is largely executed by two classes of cell surface receptors i.e. G-protein ...

Cancer progression is a multi-step process requiring cells to acquire specific properties that aid the neoplastic growth. One such property is the ability to survive in the absence of matrix-attachment, a critical necessity ...

Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily of cytokines comprises of several members, which can broadly be sub-divided into three classes [TGF-βs, Activin/Nodal, and Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs)]. Most members ...

Insulin like Growth Factor Binding Proteins (IGFBPs) 1 to 6 have important physiological functions of regulating half life and bioavailability of Insulin like Growth Factors (IGFs). Consequently, these have been known to ...