Recent developments show the applications of smart structure in different engineering fields. Smart structures can be used for shape and vibration control, structural health monitoring etc. Smart materials can be integrated ...

Composite materials show heterogeneity at different length scales. hence concurrent multiscale analysis is the only reliable method to analyze them. But unfortunately there is no concurrent multi-scale strategy that is ...

The re-entry space vehicles encounter high temperatures when they enter the earth atmosphere and the high temperature air in the shock layer around the body undergoes partial dissociation. Also, the gas molecules injected ...

Functionally graded materials (FGMs) are composites that have continuously varying material properties, which eliminate undesirable stress concentrations that might otherwise occur in layered composites. The concept of ...