Viruses are major pathogenic agents that cause a variety of diseases in all living systems. Since their first isolation in 1892 by Dimitrii Ivanovsky, methods of their diagnosis and control, their life cycles, host - virus ...

1) Geminiviruses are a group of plant viruses which contain circular single stranded DNA molecules as their genomes and the capsid consists of two icosahedra fused together to form twinned or geminate particles. The largest ...

In the present thesis, two positive sense single-stranded RNA viruses have been used as models to understand the structure and function of viral-encoded proteins. One of them, Pepper Vein Banding Virus (PVBV; genus Potyvirus; ...

Chapter 3 Groundnut Bud Necrosis Virus (GBNV) is a tripartite ambisense RNA plant virus that belongs to serogroup IV of Tospovirus genus. Non-Structural protein-m (NSm), which functions as movement protein in tospoviruses, ...

Knowledge of the dissociation constants of the ionizable protons of weak acids in aqueous media is of fundamental importance in many areas of chemistry and biochemistry. The pKa value, or equilibrium dissociation constant, ...