In practical situations, the loading experienced at the tip of a crack in a structural component can be complex, involving combinations of modes I, II and III. The main objective of this thesis is to examine the applicability ...

Recent computer simulations of granular flows (Hopkins & Louge 1991; Goldhirsch, Kui & Zanetti 1993) have identified an interesting picture of cluster formation. In this thesis, we have attempted to explain particle ...