Rammed earth is a monolithic construction formed by compacting processed soil in progressive layers. Rammed earth is used for the construction of load bearing walls, floors, sub base material in roadways, airport runways, ...

The microstructure of concrete contains random features over a wide range of length scales in which each length scale possess a new random composite. The influence of individual material constituents at different scales ...

Fatigue in concrete is a complex phenomenon involving formation of microcracks, their coalescence into major crack and simultaneous formation of the fracture process zone ahead of the crack tip. Complex phenomena are best ...