Ribosome inactivating proteins (RIPs) from plants, fungi or bacteria are extremely lethal due to their N-glycosidase activity on eukaryotic ribosomal RNA. As the name indicates, these toxins inactivate ribosomes; thereby ...

Most amino acid substitutions in a protein either lead to partial loss of function or are near neutral. Several studies have shown the existence of second-site mutations that can rescue the defects caused by diverse loss ...

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV-1) is the aetiologic agent of AIDS. Presently there are ~38 million HIV-1 infected individuals worldwide and ~1 million deaths in 2019. Since its discovery, the quest for vaccine candidate ...

Tuberculosis continues to prevail as the major cause of mortality from any single pathogen around the world, despite implementation of control programs and the availability of effective drugs and the vaccine BCG. Mycobacterium ...

Japanese encephalitis virus is a member of Flaviviridae family. Flaviviridae family has four genera which comprises of Flavivirus, Pestivirus, Hepacivirus and Pegivirus. The global burden of disease caused by these viruses ...

Influenza is a highly contagious virus, belonging to the family Orthomyxoviridae that causes acute febrile respiratory illness which can be fatal in some cases. The highest risk groups for influenza viral infection ...