The peptide backbone holds a protein together and plays a crucial role in guiding its three-dimentional structure. The tertiary structure of proteins regulates several biological processes. Therefore, peptide bond modification ...

Pichia pastoris (a.k.a. Komagataella phaffii), a widely used yeast for recombinant protein production, is cultured under a variety of conditions ranging from shake flasks to large bioreactors employing minimal, chemically ...

Aging involves the time-dependent deterioration of physiological functions, which can be attributed to various factors. Cellular senescence has been shown to be akin to aging, which involves alteration in redox homeostasis ...

Human Immunodeficiency Virus 1 (HIV-1) remains a global public health threat, claiming 690 thousand people’s lives in 2020 and causing 1.5 million new infections. The advent of combinatorial antiretroviral therapy (ART) ...

Recombination activating genes (RAGs) composed of RAG1 and RAG2, are the endonuclease involved in V(D)J recombination, which is critical for adaptive immunity in mammals. Activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID), expressed ...

The viral NS3 helicase is a crucial enzyme involved in the RNA replication of positive strand ssRNA viruses of the Flaviviridae family. The NS3 is an active motor that binds RNA and couples ATP hydrolysis to the mechanical ...

Bacteria adopt several defense strategies to enable their survival against the environmental threats they encounter from time to time. Toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems are being understood as a key bacterial defense mechanism ...

The shift in maternal energy metabolism characteristic of pregnancy is thought to be driven by various hormonal changes, especially of ovarian and placental steroids. In this context, the effect of estradiol (E2), progesterone ...

E. coli RecA is a multifunctional protein known to be associated with the cell membrane, forming foci often located at the cell poles, which gets redistributed along the length of the cell during SOS response. Several lines ...

Spatial spread of a particular brain signal can be defined as the area of the cortical tissue around the recording electrode that contributes to the electrical activity recorded by the electrode. More specifically, ...