A steady state level of negative supercoiling is essential for chromosome condensation, initiation of replication and subsequent elongation step. DNA gyrase, found in every eubacteria, serves the essential housekeeping ...

Pre-mRNA splicing is an important level in posttranscriptional gene regulation that is essential for accurate protein synthesis and generating protein diversity. The abundance of cryptic splice sites and long intronic DNA ...

Introduction AP2α is a 52 kDa retinoic acid inducible and developmentally regulated activator of transcription, which binds to the DNA in a sequence-specific manner. Transcription factor AP-2α was isolated from HeLa cells ...

1. Viruses are obligate parasites that hijack the host cell machinery to synthesize their own gene products and for their propagation. In order to establish a successful viral infection, viruses have evolved different ...

Design of complex protein folds requires complete understanding of the stereochemical principles that govern polypeptide chain folding. Extensive studies on design and synthesis of specific secondary structures like ...

The fundamental attribute of neurons is their cellular electrical excitability, which is based on the expression of a plethora of ligand- and voltage-gated membrane channels that give rise to prominent membrane currents ...

Native states of globular proteins typically show stabilization in the range of 5 to 15 kcal/mol with respect to their unfolded states. There has been a considerable progress in the area of protein stability and folding ...

The survival of the any living organism depends on its availability to communicate, and a breakdown of cellular signaling can have dire consequences such as uncontrolled cellular proliferations or even cell death. Environmental ...

Venom, being an adaptive trait, has propelled the expansion of snake lineages across diverse habitats, such as the biogeographically distinct Indian landscapes. Natural selection optimises the potency, composition and ...

Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) are an animal-specific class of germline-enriched small non-coding RNAs that play a crucial role in germline development and fertility in diverse organisms. In Caenorhabditis elegans (C. ...