Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily of cytokines comprises of several members, which can broadly be sub-divided into three classes [TGF-βs, Activin/Nodal, and Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs)]. Most members ...

Bacteria lack nucleus and any other membrane-bound organelles. Hence all the cellular components, including proteins, DNA, RNA and other components are located within the cytoplasm. The region of the cell which encompasses ...

RAGs (Recombination Activating Genes) are responsible for generation of antigen receptor diversity in case of B-cells and T-cells, through the process of combinatorial joining of different V (variable), D (diversity) and ...

The sequence of a polypeptide chain determines its structure which in turns determines its function. A protein is stabilized by multiple forces; hydrophobic interaction, electrostatic interactions and hydrogen bond formation ...

Melanosome biogenesis is a highly regulated endosomal maturation process wherein structural fibers harbouring immature melanosomes acquires its biosynthetic proteins through the secretory pathway and finally matures into ...

The transition to flowering is an important decision for plants since seed-setting and the survival of the progeny depend on the environmental conditions prevalent during this transition. Therefore, to ensure maximum ...

Vision is computationally challenging because objects in the real world can change in size, position, viewpoint etc., and therefore cast a myriad images on the retina. Viewpoint changes are particularly challenging because ...

Synapse is the fundamental unit of synaptic transmission. Learning, memory and neurodegenerative diseases of the brain are attributed to the maintenance and alteration in synaptic connections. The efficiency for synaptic ...

Understanding the molecular structure of DNA was considered as greatest achievement in modern biology. It helped in understanding fundamental cellular processes such as replication of DNA, nature of the ...

Mitochondrial dysfunction has been implicated for a wide range of human diseases. One of the major biosynthetic processes in human mitochondria is the biogenesis of Iron-Sulfur (Fe-S) clusters which primarily involves in ...